Results published today in the Lancet describe a study of 108 individuals given an intramuscular (IM) dose of the Adenovirus 5 vaccine that recombinantly-expresses the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. This is the FIRST IN HUMAN safety and tolerability vaccine publication to date. At least 89% of the dose-challenged participants had no underlying condition. The researchers report that a total of 9% (10 individuals) had a Grade 3 reaction. Fifty percent of low to medium-dosed groups and 75% of the high-dose subjects had neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, 28 days post IM dose. The authors summarize:
“The Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is tolerable and immunogenic at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination in healthy adults, and rapid specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 post-vaccination. Our findings suggest that the Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine warrants further investigation.”
AUTHORS: Feng-Cai Zhu*, Yu- Hua Li*, Xu-Hua Guan, Li-Hua Hou, Wen-Juan Wang, Jing-Xin Li, Shi-Po Wu, Bu-Sen Wang, Zhao Wang, Lei Wang, Si-Yue Jia, Hu-Dachuan Jiang, Ling Wang, Tao Jiang, Yi Hu, Jin-Bo Gou, Sha-Bei Xu, Jun-Jie Xu, Xue-Wen Wang, Wei Wang, Wei Chen
CORRESPONDENCE:
Professor Wei Chen, PhD, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
Email: cw0226@foxmail.com
Professor Wei Wang, PhD, Clinical Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 43003
Email: wwang@vip.126.com
BACKGROUND: A vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is urgently needed. We aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccine expressing the spike glycoprotein of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain. Methods We did a dose-escalation, single-centre, open-label, non-randomised, phase 1 trial of an Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in Wuhan, China. Healthy adults aged between 18 and 60 years were sequentially enrolled and allocated to one of three dose groups (5×10¹⁰, 1×10¹¹, and 1·5×10¹¹ viral particles) to receive an intramuscular injection of vaccine. The primary outcome was adverse events in the 7 days post-vaccination. Safety was assessed over 28 days post-vaccination. Specific antibodies were measured with ELISA, and the neutralising antibody responses induced by vaccination were detected with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralisation and pseudovirus neutralisation tests. T-cell responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot and flow-cytometry assays. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04313127.
FINDINGS: Between March 16 and March 27, 2020, we screened 195 individuals for eligibility. Of them, 108 participants (51% male, 49% female; mean age 36·3 years) were recruited and received the low dose (n=36), middle dose (n=36), or high dose (n=36) of the vaccine. All enrolled participants were included in the analysis. At least one adverse reaction within the first 7 days after the vaccination was reported in 30 (83%) participants in the low dose group, 30 (83%) participants in the middle dose group, and 27 (75%) participants in the high dose group. The most common injection site adverse reaction was pain, which was reported in 58 (54%) vaccine recipients, and the most commonly reported systematic adverse reactions were fever (50 [46%]), fatigue (47 [44%]), headache (42 [39%]), and muscle pain (18 [17%]. Most adverse reactions that were reported in all dose groups were mild or moderate in severity. No serious adverse event was noted within 28 days post-vaccination. ELISA antibodies and neutralising antibodies increased significantly at day 14, and peaked 28 days post-vaccination. Specific T-cell response peaked at day 14 post-vaccination.
INTERPRETATION: The Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine is tolerable and immunogenic at 28 days post-vaccination. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 peaked at day 28 post-vaccination in healthy adults, and rapid specific T-cell responses were noted from day 14 post-vaccination. Our findings suggest that the Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine warrants further investigation.
